How to avoid a lengthy audit

The best offense is defense.
If you keep perfect records, they'll take a quick look and leave. 

Ten best practices include: 
  1. Keep your records current, use full accrual method, not just adjustments at year end.
  2. Complete all compliance by the deadlines and reconcile the account balance with what you're filing, don't just blindly file based on a report without cross checking to see what the amount owing is and that it agrees to what you are filing.
  3. Reconcile all of your accounts and compliance reporting weekly/monthly/quarterly, don't wait until year end to reconcile.
  4. Requirement documentation that includes business reason, and where meals, names, and store your purchases in alpha order, reconcile your payables, record all purchases through payables, never directly from the bank or credit card statements. Exception, bank charges with no GST/HST
  5. Store your employee information by employee and have contracts and TD1's for each employee in a permanent file.
  6. Store your sales electronically and have them available, or store in date order.
  7. Store your detailed deposit information with all of your account statements, and document every deposit on those statements as to its source, including gifts and transfers.
  8. Documenting deposits and transfers is as important as documenting your proof of payment.
  9. Include shareholder/owner/managers in payroll, don't accept the method of let's just take draws and do an annual adjustment.
  10. Monitor for debit balances in the shareholder loan account and rectify immediately or risk assessment under S. 80.4 imputed interest on debit balances. 

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How to control your business paperwork


I found that if I made the same rules for every client about how their paper was to be handled, that anyone who worked for me could pick up where the last person left off.

Basic rule #1 – every piece of paper is filed when it’s entered, you never have a to be filed pile.

Basic rule #2 – every piece of paper is sorted out when it arrives, and all the purchases are put in alpha order in a sorter, sales in numerical order, and deposits and cheques/payment info is in date order to be entered and put in the file awaiting the next bank statement / printout from the internet bank account and it’s then attached to that in that file.

Basic rule #3 – enter banking and payments from credit cards first, and enter all of them to AP unless they are bank charges or insurance monthly payments, which can be entered directly to expenses

.. and reconcile the bank and credit card statements first and often

Basic rule #4 – enter sales next, and then clear all open invoices, and send the client an open invoices report immediately so they can begin collection action – do this every time you get their paperwork and do it quickly

Basic rule #5 – it doesn’t matter how it was paid, all purchases are entered as Bills thru AP and that way, if they give you the same bill 5 times, you’ll catch it every time because you’re going to reconcile your payables as you enter your purchases.  

Basic rule #6 – if you enter your banking and c/c payments and deposits right away and file them away, then enter sales and report to client, you’ll only have purchases in alpha order left to enter when you have time. They can usually wait unless there’s something to be billed out to a customer and you want to enter those next.

Basic rule #7 – never enter a purchase if you aren’t sure its for business. Have the Civil Penalties IC-01 handy to review with clients and staff and ensure that clients mark business reasons on everything, and on their bank and c/c statements, they put B’s for business and P’s for personal on every statement.



If you get your clients on board with how their paper will always be handled this way, and your staff do the same, you’ll find you are a ‘problem – free zone’ and you won’t lose clients paper or mix it up between clients (nightmare #1)



Get yourself several Sort-All’s from Staples and use them to store the payables after they are sorted until they are entered so that the wind doesn’t pick up lose paper and shift it under your filing cabinets.



Lock your office door and don’t allow your staff to take the work home unless they have a locked office.

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If Ontario's in trouble, how far behind are we?

Here are the recommendations of the commission chaired by Don Drummond with 362 recommendations how how to reduce spending and eliminate deficit:
http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_CA/ca/services/tax/tax-publications/daeabb14286a5310VgnVCM2000001b56f00aRCRD.htm

Compare that to the provincial budget for BC released this week. (see prior post today)

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BC Budget Tax Measures

To enahnce the size when you open the link, use your Ctrl and + key to increase the font so you can read it comfortably..

They've matched federal credits for children's fitness and arts...
(...it won't cost very much because it's a small credit with big optics)

and removed the limit for medical expenses on Line 331 (this was $10,000 limit, and it's been removed to match the federal medical tax credit for claims for dependent medical costs for over 18 (under 18 is included on Line 330)

What will cost is a BC Seniors' Home Reno tax credit, extending the BC Training tax credit to 2014,

and increases to BC Medical premiums of 4% will hurt employers pocket books, unless they stop paying those premiums and pass the cost directly to you.  Currently many employers pay this and you, the employee, pays the tax on the benefit.

What's enhanced is the Premium Assistance, so check if you qualify for premium assistance, even partially... here's the link:

http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/msp/infoben/premium.html

and why on earth would they be exempting jet fuel for international flights? Motivators?
Are the airlines in trouble? or are we hoping to keep costs down to encourage tourism?

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Have you started your tax deliberations for last year yet?

My friend Esther writes a good synopsis of considerations about software for accounting for investments

http://accountant.intuit.com/practice_resources/articles/accounting/article.aspx?file=efk_QBInvestments-1

I am available for individual consults on starting up a Quicken file to track your portfolio. 

If you aren't aware of the stop loss and superficial loss rules for identical property holdings in registered and unregistered accounts, it may be time to research the investment accounting requirements for calculation of adjusted cost base required by the Income Tax Act.

Here's some information about the services I provide, and a link to some articles Canadian MoneySaver published that I wrote about investment accounting:

http://www.taxdetective.ca/growyournetworth.html

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Working paper series videos and sample starter available!

Thanks to Faber LLP from Edmonton AB for pointing out that the payment button for the series of five working paper videos was broken!

Here's the link to purchase the series at a substantial savings;

http://www.taxdetective.ca/catalog/item/6427752/9153145.htm

This is the link to purchase the Microsoft OneNote sample starter notebook discussed in the series:

http://www.taxdetective.ca/catalog/item/6427752/9166280.htm

In case you missed this series, and even if you attended, I forgot to mention that in QuickBooks, it's possible to choose to "Print to OneNote"? What's so cool about that?

In Microsoft OneNote, you can use the Paint features to create circles, arrows, colors, sticky notes, marking up your report before sending it on, by email that page directly from OneNote?

If you haven't experimented with OneNote yet, I encourage you to give it a trial run. Many of the participants on the five part series were totally enchanted with the idea of using this program to create paperless, in the cloud, on the web, or shared over the network, working paper files, procedure manuals, and other collaborative documents.

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Does tutoring qualify for the new children's arts credit?

Maybe is as good an answer as you'll get from me.. Maybe if you meet the criteria for claiming the arts credit, because tutoring is listed as an activity, but there are caveats about claiming. 

Best to check out the requirements for programs at this webpage.

http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/tx/ndvdls/tpcs/ncm-tx/rtrn/cmpltng/ddctns/lns360-390/370/menu-eng.html

And don't get your knickers in a knot if you can't claim it, because it's only $75 (15% federal tax rate for credits x $500)

Oh yes, if you're a parent with a child with a disability, it could be as much as $150 (15% federal tax rate for credits x $500 plus a $500 bonus if you spent anywhere from $100 to $500).

Ok kiddies, math camp is in your future....



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Confusion about child amounts

Understanding how the disability tax credit and child tax benefit programs work is confusing. It took me years to persuade CRA it was necessary to show the Supplementary Disability Tax Credit for children as an information page.

The Child who qualifies for the Disability Tax Credit may also be entitled to claim a Supplementary credit. What's frustrating is that this supplement isn't shown on the TD1 nor does it show on the tax return, you have to know it's there to be claimed.  It does show up on tax return software if you know to check off the right boxes to ensure it appears.
This supplementary tax credit amount on the Disability Tax Credit for a child is required to be reduced by any amounts claimed by anyone for child care or attendant care costs. That's the excuse used as to why it's not included on the TD1.
This supplementary tax credit reduces the total tax payable. If you are entitled to claim the DTC for a child, you are entitled to claim this supplement unless someone who paid for child care or attendant care reduces the claim. To ask your employer to take less tax at source, it would be necessary to complete a T1213 to request that your paycheque be adjusted to reduce your taxes paid during the year by about $800. That's worth doing if you don't have any child care expenses claimed by anyone.


This supplementary tax credit is different from another supplementary disability amount for children.  There is also a child tax benefit amount for the child with a disability, which is a cash payment to parents, it's tax free and dependent on income with phasing out at a threshold combined family income of over $157,000.


For 2011, the DTC credit, with the supplement, for families with a low income may qualify for a reduction in taxes of their federal rate of 15% plus their provincial rate (5%) in BC x the tax credit plus the supplement, which equates to $11,623 x 20% = $2324

And the maximum amount added to the Child Tax Benefit for the Disability Child Tax Benefit $2,504
http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/bnfts/fq_cdb-eng.html#q1

For families, that's almost $5,000 per year.  But do families with children know about this?  Often they don't find out for as many as ten years or more and the fairness program allows for them to go back to make a claim, but at what cost?

Here's all the indexation amounts for 2012 in case you missed the news flash:
http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca/nwsrm/fctshts/2011/m11/fs111122-eng.html











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What does infirm mean?

Infirm takes it's meaning from the dictionary. There is no definition of infirm in the Income Tax Act.  It's up to your qualified medical practitioner to determine if you are 'infirm' and to document that infirmity, by describing the nature, commencement and duration of said 'infirmity'

The Family Caregiver Amount requires your doctor document the infirmity of your dependent in writing and there are special requirements for documentation of infirmity for children under age 18. The letter should indicate that the child by reason of a mental or physical infirmity, is and is likely to be for a long-continued period of indefinite duration, dependent on others for significantly more assistance in attending to personal needs and care when compared to children of the same age.

The challenge will be persuading your dependents to ask their physician to document their infirmity. If you thought that labelling someone as disabled was difficult, try explaining to your aging parent, a dependent sibling, or your teenage child that you would like them to ask their doctor to write such a letter declaring them to be infirm, all so you can pay $300 less tax per person. Good luck on that.

And yes, if you have the disability tax credit, that's not the same as infirm. Disability is actually worded and defined in the Income Tax Act as an 'impairment in ability'. You could have an impairment in ability but that may not mean you meet the criteria of infirm.  You for example, might be blind or hearing impaired, or you may be confined to a wheelchair, but definitely that doesn't necessarily make you infirm, given that the definition of infirm is weak or feeble. In the case of the wheelchair, you could be an incredible athlete, winning trophies at the Olympics. Are you considered infirm?  I guess only your doctor knows for sure.

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HST gone from BC April 1, 2013

This is only half of the story.  Click here for the link that explains how the transition out from 12% will work. 

Next up:  BC will announce how sales taxes will be implemented.

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Family Caregiver Amount - the new $2,000 federal tax credit

The family caregiver amount was added to five categories of dependents and you'll find the credit explained on the TD1 form.

In addition, CRA has a webpage that explains the credit and how to document that claim is found on this page

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Confused about infirmity and disability?

If you put the word infirmity in the search box on this blog (top right area) there are a number of posts about infirmity over the past few weeks that might be helpful!

Do the same with disability on both my blog and my website to bring up useful links.  Also you'll find that my Links, especially the Complimentary links on my website are a source of more information, if you scroll down to the Families tax info section.

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Q&A Working Papers Best Practices Session #5 in the series

First, I want to say thank you to all of the participants who shared their comments and questions during the sessions.  I really appreciate the positive feedback and the cheering section.  I love it and it definitely makes doing these sessions worthwhile! And a big thank you to Leslee who makes the whole thing such a hoot by visiting with me online prior to the start and provides such an uplifting introduction to set the tone! After five times, it feels like this has become a habit and I don't want it to stop.  We're talking about the next workshop, so keep your ideas coming.

I hope that if you enjoyed the series, and you are a member, you'll consider purchasing the video series for $39.80 for all five, or $79.80 for all five if you aren't an IPBC member.  Also don't forget to visit to access the free stuff the resources page.  I loaded the *.QBB file, but you'll need 2012 loaded to restore it, and the PDF of the PowerPoint is now up there too. 

The OneNote file is for sale and for members there's 10% off on your member page.

You can purchase your videos on DVD.  Of course, I hope you know that you can burn your own DVD if your computer lets you, using Windows Explorer. But if that technology eludes you, I understand, as it took me a while to figure out how, I do provide that as a service and will mail you the DVD complete with a label burned on the front. 

In no particular order as the questions seem to come out of the system in garbled order...here are the answers for today's sessions.

Q: How do I purchase the one session that I missed?
A: Go to the Partner page (click on the title above) and find the link to purchase, and there you will find the individual videos as well as the series is now posted for sale.

Q: Can you declare a dividend with negative equity?
A: No, and how much you can declare depends on your corporate law and your share structure.  It's always best to check with your lawyer before declaring dividends and have your books drawn up to current to ensure that you aren't off-side

Q: What date should be used when auto-applying credits?
A: Credit application isn't dated separately.  The effective date of the credit is the date of the deposit.

Q: How long with the Working Paper articles be available on your website?
A: Good question. Until I stop being the TaxDetective, or until someone buys the rights from me or until you forget the password to the Resource page? Being cheeky, but I have no intention of removing this resource page, but would recommend that you download those articles and save them on your own computer just in case I drop dead and my husband decides not to pay the bills. 

Q: How often can you rebuild?
A: I have been told not to rebuild more than twice without checking with support as the more you rebuild, the more tangled up the file could get.

Q: I treat my bookkeeping files in a similar manner to my year-end working paper file, more work but leaves me with a comforting feeling.
A: I like your attitude.

Q: If you use a postscript on a name (e)(c)(v)(o) is there a way of not having this postscript show if you print a cheque or invoice?
A: Yes, just edit the Customer or Vendor information in the Edit screen to change what prints / shows on screen

Q: Is there a summary of best practices for checking the data file?
A: I gave you one screen of info, and if you want more, buy my ten part video series on how to Master QuickBooks Software available for sale on my website.  If you are an IPBC member, access the special pricing page through the link on the Partner page on the IPBC website, just make sure you log in first, as it's half price. Where else can you get 20 hours of training for $9.95 per hour?  And 30% of the proceeds go to IPBC.

Q: Intuit advises to include all Inactive Customers/Vendors/Accounts/Items before re-sorting
A: I agree and I've had trouble with inactive names on lists so I prefer not to inactivate in the first place as I remember having issues way back. *I've been at this for a while in case you haven't guessed that.

Q: Just wondering why you have some names starting with and _Underscore
A: I use _NAME to accent which of my names are in USD

Q: Regarding use of ?Vendor, I have put a transaction to Suspense until I find out what it is.  Then if I reconcile the bank and later find the answer, I have found that if I put ? Vendor and then go to change it, it unreconciles the transaction.  How do you get around this?
A: Sometimes when you change the transaction it will unreconcile it, and you'll have to re-reconcile to get back to where your opening balance is what it's supposed to be.

Q: How do you treat cash over/short?
A: I said that's a whole session on it's own. In part because how to treat petty cash and floats is a whole topic all on it's own that I could spend an hour on. To answer your question, I would treat the daily cash count as being over/short when there is excess or short float, and always bring the float back to what your flat amount is for the float.  Now your float may go up and down over your seasons or your days, depending on your business, but keeping your float as a fixed amount, even if it's a floating fixed amount, will help you to determine what is over/short.  That amount should be expensed and watched and if it's consistently short or over, investigated. If you want a private consult on how to handle money in your business, I can be tricked into a consult, but I do charge by the hour.

Q: Thank you, Thank you, no more monthly envelopes
A: I love your attitude!

Q: Retained earnings, adjustments for prior years..
A: There should never be anything posted directly to Retained Earnings.  All adjusting entries should adjust to show that the books and records tie to the tax return.  Otherwise, when you are audited, how will the auditor begin to audit your books if they don't tie to what was filed?  That's why we do adjusting entries line by line to income statement lines and balance sheet lines.  We don't just amend Retained Earnings and call it good.  Sorry, not going to cut it in an audit.

Q: What if you have clients who want to sort their files according to expense categories?
A: The way that growing business's sort purchases shows their intention to grow.  If they sort by expense category, they have no intention of growing their business. If they sort alphabetically, the system will grow with them, as fast as they grow, and it won't stop them from finding something quickly. Ask them how they are going to sort a receipt that has three or four different categories on it, and how will they reconcile their accounts, or find the transaction slip again when they need it without paying your an exorbitant amount per hour to hunt through all of their paperwork to find the paper they need.

Q: Instead of using a Clearing Account instead of Suspense, why not just post things you don't understand to the Owner's or Shareholder's Draw account?
A: Because anything posted to those accounts should also be approved before it is posted there.  Shareholder debit balances result in S. 80.4 deemed interest benefits so you don't want to be posting things to those accounts without approval.

Q: Just a suggestion but next time do 1.5 hours instead of an hour as this was too short
A: There are varying schools of thought about the attention span of both children and adults when it comes to learning. We decided two hours was too long, and now there are some who feel an hour is too short. You're right, the hour whizzed by today.  I couldn't believe how fast it went.

Q: When naming how do you differentiate payments to Receiver General?
A: If you look at the various modules, they will each put out a different type of payment screen with the payment produced by the module.  Sales taxes, payroll, but Income Tax doesn't have a module.  You could set up a separate Receiver General-Income Tax vendor name to differentiate. Just don't fiddle around with the vendor set up of the Sales Tax module as if you do, it can terminate the whole GST/HST Payable account and establish a new one, cutting you off in mid-period or whenever you adjust it.  I did that recently by mistake and was thankful I'd taken a backup before I fiddled with it.

Q: Where is there help on defrag?
A: Check with your computer maintenance people, or your local computer geek

Q: I had an employee repay an expense by personal cheque.  Using the deposit feature there is no name on the entry.
A: Not true, there is a name on the Deposit window, but when the employee repays an expense, you must invoice them and add the tax as it's reimbursed expenses.  You get the ITC and they pay again. This means setting up the employee as a Customer (c) and then you can use the Payment window to offset the invoice with the Payment.

Q: Why in some cases does a name not show up in the GL when the source is the General Journal?
A: If you don't put the name on all the lines of the entry it won't show up in the GL where it isn't on that line.

Q: How do you record bank charges using names if you don't use the general journal?
A; Set up TD Bank Charges (o) as your name and then key it into your register directly to bank service charges. It will show up as a Write Cheque rather than a journal entry.

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PSB's Game Over Click here for the story

Not sure what a PSB is or why you should care? CRA has done a really great job of hiding any useful information and if you search their website, you won't find anything that even remotely uses these words... Personal Services Business doesn't turn up anything on the CRA search engine. 

But type it into my website search box and you'll find all kinds of useful links:

http://www.taxdetective.ca/psb.html

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Matching sales and COGS

In my complimentary links found under the links tab you'll find instructions about how to access the Justice Minister's website to access the Income Tax Act. If you want to read S. 18 to see what I'm muttering on about below, you'll find instructions on how to access the Income Tax Act (ITA) yourself for free on the complimentary links page.

General deductibility of expenses is covered in S. 18 of the ITA and matchability is covered in S. 18.1 of the ITA and by the way, this is the section where you find the limitations on personal services business epxenses in S. 18(1)(p).  You can't deduct an expense except where it's made for the purpose of earning revenue and the revenue is reported.  If the revenue isn't yet reported, either the revenue must be accrued, or the expense deferred.  The opposite can also be true, where revenue is reported, but expenses haven't yet been expensed, and could be accrued if known, reasonable, etc.

In the accounting world there is significant work being undertaken to determine appropriate methods under IFRS.  Both the CGA Canada Magazine and The Journal of Accountancy have recent articles about revenue recognition. I've put links to these articles and to the IFRS on my resources page for the series of workshops on working papers I'm currently presenting for IPBC.  If you want those resources, or copies of the recording of those five weeks (ends this Wednesday) go to the www.ipbc.ca partner tab and look for my name.  Instructions on accessing the correct page to purchase the product is found there.

In my workshop last week I got the feeling from the questions being asked there is significant stress around the recognition of revenue, in understanding how to either accrue or defer, both on the revenue and on the expense side of the equation.   

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Who did you pay fees for service to in 2011?

Fees for service reporting is under review by Finance and CRA. This Federal Budget Q&A page hints at changes but this instruction page provides some comfort you won’t be penalized…yet, for failing to comply. If in doubt, review the instructions: or contact Trust Compliance by contacting CRA.
There's change in the wind. Have you heard a rumor that fees for service will be required to be reported on a T4A yet? It was considered in the Federal Budget and CRA has a Q&A page that outlines their thoughts prior to a review, which has yet to be completed.

In preparation for change, in 2011 T4A Box 048 was added, breaking out from Box 028 what was always a bit confusing as it encompassed a number of types of income. We're advised that until the review is complete, no one will be penalized for not complying with the reporting requirements that are under consideration. 
I suspect that this reporting of fees for service won't include your hair salon payments or your car repairs, but will likely include payments you make from your business accounts to people who provide a combination of services and goods to your business, similar to the reporting requirements for construction work currently in place on a separate form.

So if you hire someone to fix your computer, maintain your property, clean your house and you have a home office,in essence everyone who is self-employed, not corporate, you'll be required to report how much you paid them net of GST/HST. 

Between this reporting, and capturing all of the potential payments to the other major underground economy, in the form of the arts and fitness credits for children, CRA will be taking another major swack at whittling away at the viability of remaining in the underground economy. 

What I find sad about the underground is that once you're there, it's so hard to climb out, and it's next to impossible to grow your business to succeed as that will attract too much notice.  It's like being labelled as the welfare cousin. Everyone wants to make sure you're ok because it's in their best interest in some twisted way, but they know they are keeping you in check because you can't ever truly compete for a share of the market.  Except that's a fallacy because the underground is a huge share of the market, it's just made up of so many tiny parts.

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Revenue recognition

It appears that revenue recognition is up for discussion by the CICA who publishes the CICA Handbook aobut how we're supposed to account.

As this topic came up during the working paper series this week, under the discussion about matching sales and cost of sales (COGS) I thought I'd throw this into the mix...

Not only does the Income Tax Act address revenue recognition but so does the CICA Handbook.

http://www.acsbcanada.org/documents-for-comment/item55545.pdf

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Q&A Week #4

If you missed this series, at the end of the next session, you will be able to purchase the entire set of five episodes online at my website store. www.taxdetective.ca/shop.html  You'll also find the set of ten videos, two hours each, a total of 20 hours of online training to Mastering QuickBooks Software produced for IPBC last spring.

If you are an IPBC member, access the member discount page on my website via log-in to the www.ipbc.ca website, go to the Partner page for Eileen Reppenhagen, CGA to link directly to several pages with 50% discounts on videos recorded by IPBC and more of my products at a 10% discount for members.

The OneNote sample file is available for sale at a 10% discount for members along with the series at 50%.

Q: Do you recode COGS to Expense once Revenue is recognized?
A: COGS is a type of expense.  We separate COGS and put it below Revenue/Sales to record a net of Sales less COGS and we call that Gross Profit.  We like to do analysis of what that Gross Profit Margin is over months/years to determine if the profit is reasonable compared to other business's in the same industry, as well as between periods for our own business.  What I think this person was asking is do you reverse out the deferral of COGS as a Deferred Expense on the Balance Sheet once the Revenue is recognized?  Yes you would.  This question was asked while we were discussing Accruals and Deferrals in relation to revenue recognition.

Q: Honestly I think meals could be its own course.
A: Thanks for the humorous commentary.  Yes, meals could be a separate course.  And if you look further down this blog, in the past few posts, you'll find several postings that lead to information on my website about meals, and there's a post about chocolate too.

Q: Clarification: Do you ignore GST/HST when accruing or deferring expenses or revenue for Sales/COGS at period end?
A: Yes, GST/HST is required to be posted on the date of the issuance of the Invoice or the Bill.

Q: One of my clients often doesn't invoice for several weeks after the job is done and the costs have been received and recorded already.  This often straddles a year end.
A: It's necessary under accrual accounting (which is required by the Income Tax Act) to record revenue even though it's not yet invoiced.  Either that or the costs must be reversed out to be matched to the revenue when it's recorded. There are special rules about Work In Progress and that's beyond the scope of this exercise, but the matching principal of matching revenue and expenses prevails because the Income Tax Act requires GAAP and revenue recognition is an accounting principle we rely on.

Q: How do you record meals during the year?
A: I record meals at 100% and then at year end, as allowed by special dispensation in the GST/HST documentation, I make an adjustment to remove the personal portion of the expense on the tax return as an adjustment, and I record that same adjustment on proprietor's books, but on corporate books, I'd leave it in, and I would adjust to remove a portion of the GST/HST that matches the personal portion of meals. For the proprietor, I'd record that to proprietor's draws and for the business, I'd record it as an expense that is added back on the T2S(1) as non deductible along with the 50% (or whatever % if it's trucking)

Q: Could you just create a deferred revenue Item?
A: This was in reference to recording the invoice, then creating an adjustment at year end. Yes, you could go straight to deferred rather than recording revenue and reversing it.  Depends on how much you know at the time. You would still record the GST/HST at the date of the invoice.

Q: Would you record salaries under other income if it is a regular salary on payroll for management? Wouldn't it be part of regular operating expenses of running the business as opposed to irregular draws?
A: First of all, there is no such thing as a draw.  All withdrawals from the company are either payroll and should be treated as such, or they are repayments of shareholder loans and have nothing to do with the income statement.  Second, it's a matter of presentation style, and of comparative analytical value as to where you record management salaries.  All I was doing was presenting the notion that removing the management salaries from the Operating Expenses section of the Income Statement could be a valuable comparative tool for analysis of the business at period end. 

Q: Would you do this even in a compilation engagement?
A: I think this question related to Sales /COGS matching and would you care whether sales and COGS were matched in a compilation. My answer to all queries about preparation of tax working papers is that there is no differentiation by the Income Tax Act about what level of completion is required for tax.  It's necessary to comply with the ITA no matter what, and there is nothing in the ITA about materiality consideration.  What is in the ITA is consideration of reasonability of the profit.  Reasonability analysis of profit should involve matching of Sales and COGS as a bare minimum and you will find that auditors will require matching in order to ascertain that all sales are recorded and that costs are for revenue booked.

Q: Isn't claiming CCA on building and land have a minus side when property is sold?
A: This question related to the removal of NBVNBV and Selling costs separately under a major category of Gain/Loss in order to separate out the component parts required to report for tax purposes on a S3 or S6 capital/gain loss and also for the UCC schedules to record Proceeds up to Cost to calculate terminal loss or recapture or amend the UCC of a pool. Yes, if you have claimed CCA for taxes/Amortization on the books it will reduce your NBV or your ACB for tax and those may require analysis and reconciliation during the working paper process in order to file tax returns

Q: If the corporation owes the shareholder, do you still have to pay back the loan or can you enter it as a repayment to shareholder loan?
A: I was talking about where there is a debit balance in the shareholder loan account, this would be where the shareholder owes the corporation, not the other way around.

Q: I've had accountants tell me to leave the meals at 100% on the books but they change that on the tax return only.
A: That's because corporations can still expense the 50% for business on the financial statements, there's just a permanent difference between retained earnings for accounting and retained earnings for tax as a result. Same goes for the personal portion of the GST/HST on those meals. It's expensed, not a shareholder loan.

Q: Please explain in more detail why under a compilation engagement it would be our responsibility?
A; I think this person is wondering about why they would need to do analysis when a compilation isn't supposed to require such analysis.  Actually, it's necessary to decide if the statements are reasonable in the circumstances before affixing your name to a compilation.  That's one reason to care.  Then, there's the Income Tax Act, and the engagement to prepare a tax return, which is not the same as a compilation engagement.  A compilation engagement is the preparation of the financial statements.  The preparation of a tax return isn't the same engagement.  When you are engaged to complete a tax return, there's a whole different set of rules that kick in.  The Income Tax Act takes over and that is the law you have to look to.  Take a look at S. 9 through 20 of the ITA, and S. 18.1 talks about the definition of 'matchable expenditures'.

Q: I've had accountants record the CCA and ignore accounting depreciation, is that common?
A: Yes, for compilations it isn't necessary to follow GAAP completely, so accountants will record the tax entries as there's no reason to differ the expense recognition from that set out as being the common recognition of decay in value over time from that set out in the ITA.

Q: Your year end entries reminded me of a regular issue I have.  I deal with a lot of classes. The classes are ongoing year over year. At the end of each year I clear the classes to liability to Deferred Revenue and reverse the following year.
A: Check out the capability for QuickBooks to report Balance Sheets by Class in v 2012 and I think you may find it isn't necessary to make those entries.

Q: Please explain the difference between accrued revenue and deferred revenue.
A: I would accrue revenue if there was a way to estimate it and it made sense to include it in the current year. I would for example, accrue rent earned to date of death even though not yet received under S. 70(1)(a). I would defer revenue if it related to a future period, it something was prepaid and met the criteria for deferral because it was unearned. A deferred amount is defined by the ITA in S. 248(1) and there's a reserve for Unearned commissions in S. 32 or where services are not rendered, S. 12(1)(e) and 20(1)(m).  These are essentially termed reserves and you'll find a whole half page of different types of reserves for goods not delivered, guarantees, warranty, undelivered, unearned, unpaid, unrealized in the Index to the Income Tax Act.  You might also accrue or defer expenses and set up reserves for example, for expected claims when there's been a damage to something but that claim won't be settled for many years.

Q: Is there a new field in QuickBooks report to help us calculate the GST/HST adjustment for meals or vehicle personal portion?
A: Yes, and if the transaction detail report doesn't include that choice in the columns, for Sales Tax Code and for Sales Tax Amount, create a Custom Transaction Detail report under the Report Menu drop down to find the full selection of column choices from which you can then filter to Total By or Sort By

Q: When the accountant puts in the year end accrual and then the actual bill is received in the following year, do we (bookkeepers) reverse the accrual in the following year and then record the actual bill?
A: Yes, that's exactly what you would do.

Q: Why doesn't the tax software calculate the 50% of the Meal?
A: It can calculate the 50% amount instead of the 100% amount if you want to make the time to set up the Sales Tax module to make that happen. I prefer not to do that as I'd rather reconcile it at the end of the year.  If it isn't always handled consistently it makes it more difficult and time consuming to check the work. My preference is to always record 100% and do the work once at the end of the year, rather than having to check through each entry during the year at the end of the year to see whether or not each transaction was calculated correctly.





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